Neurology, Neurosurgery and Stroke

Neurosciences is the study of the Nervous system. Clinical Neuroscience which is the branch of Neuroscience, deals with the mechanisms underlying the diseases and disorders of central nervous system. It also involves the diagnosis and treatment methods for the existing neurological implications in patients. Thus research is going on to develop novel methods for the treatment of these disorders

Stroke is a disorder that occurs, when the flow of blood supply to the brain is blocked, or a particular blood vessel ruptures, thus leading the brain tissue to its death. Strokes are of various types such as, Ischemic Strokes, Haemorrhagic Strokes and Transient strokes.

Neurological surgery is a type of surgery involving operative or non-operative kind of surgery to rehabilitate the functions related to the central nervous system involving brain and spinal cord. The need of neurological surgery is for the pain that may occur in brain due to some neurological disorder or some pathological process that may have resulted in different functioning of the central nervous system. Pediatric neurosurgery deals in treating the children’s nervous system problem such as head and spine deformations.

Alzheimer and dementia is neurological disorder which could cause the neurodegeneration of nerves. The major symptom that are involved in the Alzheimer includes short-term memory loss. After the disease start entering into the later stages of Alzheimer, the patient starts facing problem with language, disorientation, behavioral changes and loss of motivation.

Parkinson Disease is type of neurodegenerative disorder, which can lead to deterioration of the function of the motor neuron. This loss in function generally occurs due to loss of production of neurotransmitter known as dopamine from the brain cells. Symptoms include, shaking, slowness of the movement, walking difficulty, behavioural changes. Dementia occurs at the later stage of the disease.

Neuromuscular diseases are those diseases which lead to impairment of muscles and directly affect their functioning. Various Neuromuscular diseases include movement disorders, muscle disorders, Myasthenia gravis etc. Symptoms of Neuromuscular diseases include, muscle pain, numbness, double vision, breathing problems, movement problems etc.

Pediatric Neurology is the study of Neurological disorders in children. Some of the neurological disorders of children includes, Rett Syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, Congenital myopathies and pediatric sleep disorders

CNS and Neurological disorders are diseases that affect the brain and the central and autonomic nervous systems. In recognizing the signs and symptoms of neurological disorders, it is first important to distinguish the different types of neurological disorders.

Neuropharmacology is the study of drugs that are specifically used for the treatment of various neurological disorders, like Huntington disease, Alzheimer, Parkinson disease, Multiple Sclerosis etc. These drugs directly help in the cure for the neurological disorders. Research is going on for the treatment of the neuropathic pain.

Neurogenetics is the study of role of genetics for the proper development and functioning of the nervous system. The knowledge of gene loci show a good linkage of neurological disorders including Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. The major animal that has been studied for neurogenetics include Drosophila, Zebrafish.

Neurochemistry is the study of Neurochemicals (neurotransmitters, neuropeptides) that have a direct impact on the functioning of the neuron. It also include the different chemical processes that occur in the brain.Neurotransmission is kind of signal transmission that involves neurotransmitters that are released by neuron, such as glutamate, aspartate, nitric oxide and dopamine which, further bind to a target receptor present on another neuron.

Neuro cardiology is the study of Interaction between heart and brain. It generally deals with the effect of stress on the heart. The cardiovascular system is under the regulation of the nervous system. An appropriate balance in the hormone levels, kind of life style, environmental conditions play a very important role in maintaining a good relation between heart and brain.

Neuro Oncology involves the study of brain and spinal cord impairment which may lead to life threatening and tumors that may be dangerous to life , specially of brain. Cancer spreads the nervous system by metastasis or can directly invade the nervous system. The commonly used treatments for brain tumors include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and neurosurgical interventions. Brain metastasis is of greater challenge for the researchers dealing in this field.

Neurotoxicology is the study that deals with toxicity of the central nervous system and hence affecting the brain and destructs the nerve tissue. Toxic substances, such as Tetrodotoxin, Conotoxin, Chlorotoxin, causes neurotoxicity thus directly affecting the brain and related functions. Neurotoxicity can also occur due to drug therapies, organ transplant or exposures to heavy metal.

Neuroanatomy involves the study of anatomy and organization of the central nervous system. The nervous system composes, Neurons, Glial cells and extracellular matrix.

Neurodevelopment therapy is a type of therapy that includes a holistic and individualized method (involving various therapies like speech therapy and physical therapy) based on rehabilitation of a person with neurological disorder. Neurodevelopment therapy is the best way to understand an individual brain injury and the movement patterns of patient thus helping in treatment of the disease that restrict movement or limit movement.

Cerebral Hemorrhage is one of the types of Stroke.It is caused by internal bleeding of brain and eventually it kills the brain cells. Cerebral Hemorrhage is otherwise known as Brain hemorrhages, intracranial hemorrhages, or intracerebral hemorrhages. They occur for about 13% of stroke.

Depending on the location of bleed and the affected tissues, the symptoms of Cerebral Hemorrhage varies. The causes of bleeding of brain includes head trauma, high blood pressure, aneurysms, blood vessel abnormalities, Liver diseases and Brain tumors.

Neurological Nursing includes doctors specialized in diagnosing patients and their problems and neurology nurses are one who trained to aid these doctors in the treatment of patients with neurological issues. Neurology nurse deals with giving both post-operative care and immediate care. Clinical training involves treatment procedures for strokes and many related disorders and the main approach of clinical training is to develop neuroprotective treatment approaches and establishing modest examination procedures such as motion analysis, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and OCT(optical coherence tomography).

Psychiatry is the branch of remedial concentrated on the discovering, treatment and evasion of mental, eager and conduct issue. A therapist is a restorative master who speaks to significant specialist in mental prosperity, including substance uses jumbles. Specialists are met all necessities to study both the psychological and physical parts of mental issues. Psychiatry is by and by an extremely detectable activity, nonappearance of care in the gathering, drive, suicide, drug and alcohol misuse are couple of motivations. Starting with the conspicuous evidence of the major enthusiastic insecurities and how they are thought about refinement from conventionality.

Addiction is a perpetual issue with organic, mental, social and ecological elements impacting its advancement and support. Regularly, it falls under two classes, substance reliance, or medication Addiction, and social enslavement, for example, a betting habit. Elevated want to re-encounter utilization of the substance or conduct, possibly impacted by mental (e.g., stretch, history of injury), social (e.g., family or companions' utilization of a substance), and ecological elements (e.g., openness of a substance, minimal effort) can prompt general utilize/introduction, with endless, utilize/presentation prompting mind changes. These cerebrum changes incorporate modifications in cortical (pre-frontal cortex) and sub-cortical (limbic framework) areas including the neuro-hardware of reward, inspiration, memory, motor control and judgment. This can prompt sensational increments in desires for a medication or movement, and in addition hindrances in the capacity to effectively manage this drive, despite the learning and experience of numerous outcomes identified with the addictive conduct.

Worldwide millions of people are suffering from neurological diseases and annually around 6 million people are dying due to various neurological diseases. There are more than 600 known neurological diseases which affect our nervous system but there are limited treatment options till date and there is ongoing research.

Clinical trials and case reports in various fields such as neurooncology, neurosurgery, and stroke recovery are present for the scientists, researchers and doctors to share their experiences of new and complicated neurological conditions. This track gives researchers knowledge about new technologies, clinical trials and new aspects.